Nazi Art Looting in the Records of the Vermögensverwertungsstelle Berlin
System Category: Remaining
If neither the senior bailiffs nor the experts designated looted art and cultural assets for removal, the Nazi financial administration classified them as ordinary household goods. As a result, they ended up at auctions, were sold collectively to second-hand and individual goods dealers, or found individual interested buyers (“direct sales”).
Direct sales
Art and cultural assets that were not considered particularly valuable or unsaleable went not only to auction but also to direct salesIn the context of the “Verwertung” (liquidation) of assets looted during the Nazi era: sale of seized or confiscated items directly to buyers outside of a public auction. More as a form of “Verwertung“Verwertung” (liquidation) refers to all measures taken by the Reich financial administration to transfer stolen assets to the state treasury and, if necessary, convert material goods into cash. More”.
They ended up with second-hand and individual goods dealers along with other household goods. These dealers purchased a family’s household goods in bulk from the asset liquidation office and resold the items to private individuals. In most cases, detailed information about the individual objects is lacking when they are liquidated in this way.
Some individual art and cultural objects found private buyers who purchased the items directly from the financial administration. In these cases, too, the objects are usually only sparsely documented.
Receipt for the sale of oil painting no. 37 from the estate of Hugo Loewy to Johannes Schertl, SS Obersturmführer, 28 December 1942. BLHA, Rep. 36A (II) no. 24446, fol. 30
Receipt for the sale of oil painting no. 37 from the estate of Hugo Loewy to Johannes Schertl, SS Obersturmführer, 28 December 1942. BLHA, Rep. 36A (II) no. 24446, fol. 30v
Auction
Excerpt from Bernhard Schlüter’s auction transcript concerning the property of Oskar Skaller, 16 August 1941. BLHA, Rep. 36A (II) no. 36160, fol. 25v
Auctions were considered an effective “Verwertungsmethode” (method of utilization) for art and cultural assets. Here, too, there were gradations in the hierarchy of “Verwertung”.
The finance officials left “wertvoller Hausrat” (valuable household goods) as a whole lot to various auction houses in Berlin, such as Gerhard Harms or Leo Spik, and received the proceeds from them minus a commission. The documentation of the objects varies depending on the auction house but is generally not very detailed.
Take a look at the individual auctioneers who conducted auctions on behalf of the authorities.
Transcript of the auction order from the Moabit-West tax office, 18 March 1941. LAB, A Rep. 093-03, no. 54683, fol. 419 419
If the National Socialists considered the items to be ordinary household goods, the Vermögensverwertungsstelle auctioned them off in its own auction house on Kottbusser Ufer. However, the items auctioned here also repeatedly included art and cultural assets, which were described in brief.
Excerpt from an Auction Record at Kottbusser Ufer concerning the Property of Paul Hermann Ludwig Kempner, 31 March 1942. BLHA, Rep. 36A (II) no. 19176, fol. 139v
Remaining
If neither the senior bailiffs nor the experts designated looted art and cultural assets for removal, the Nazi financial administration classified them as ordinary household goods. As a result, they ended up at auctions, were sold collectively to second-hand and individual goods dealers, or found individual interested buyers (“direct sales”).
Handwritten note from the file on Helene Haase, undated. BLHA, 36A (II) no. 13399, fol. 55
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